In modern warfare, battles are not limited to land, sea, or air—they also unfold within the invisible domain of the electromagnetic spectrum. This hidden realm is the stage for Electronic Warfare (EW), where dominance is gained through control over signals, sensors, and stealth. EW is typically categorized into three main branches: Electronic Countermeasures (ECM), Electronic Counter-Countermeasures (ECCM), and Electronic Support Measures (ESM).
ECM refers to offensive actions that disrupt, deceive, or deny the enemy’s use of electronics. This includes jamming enemy radar or communication systems with noise to impair their function, spoofing to send false signals that mislead enemy sensors, and deploying electronic
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